Question bank
Chapter-1 Interpretation of Topographical Maps
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a)How is the earth represented?
(b) What is an atlas?
(c) What is magnetic declineation?
(d) How are various water bodies shown on a toposheet?
(e) What is meant by 'Vertical Interval'?
(f) What is 'Horizontal Equivalent'?
(g) What is National Grid Reference?
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) The grid system is helpful in locating places on a map.
(b) Contours are widely used to represent relief features on topographic maps.
(c) Two contours never intersect each other.
Q-3 Define the following:
(a) Contours
(b) Hachures
(c) Representative Fraction
(d) Causeway
(e) A watershed
(f) Broken ground
(g) Gradient
(h) Hill shading
(i) Relative Height
(j) Interlocking spurs
Q-4 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Concave slope and convex slope
(b) The magnetic north pole and true north pole
(c) Spot height and bench mark on topographical map
(d) Topographic and cadastral maps
(e) Linear and radial settlement
(f) D.B. and R.H.
(g) Map distance and ground distance
(h) Trellised and dendritic drainage
(i) Plateau and Conical hill
(j) Causeway and Bridge with piers
(k) Nucleated and dispersed settlement
(l) Watershed and Ridge
(m) Primary and Secondary Divisions on a graphic scale
(n) Form Line and a contour
(o) Spot height and Triangulation Station
(p) Linear Scale and Statement Scale
Q-5 . Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) How are maps useful to us?
(b) What are contours? State their properties.
(c) How are drainage features shown on topographic maps?
(d) What is meant by colour layering?
(e) Give the main advantages of using conventional signs or symbols on a map.
(f) Describe briefly factors which effect settlements.
Q-6 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a)How is the earth represented?
(b) What is an atlas?
(c) What is magnetic declineation?
(d) How are various water bodies shown on a toposheet?
(e) What is meant by 'Vertical Interval'?
(f) What is 'Horizontal Equivalent'?
(g) What is National Grid Reference?
Q-7 Give reasons:
(a) The grid system is helpful in locating places on a map.
(b) Contours are widely used to represent relief features on topographic maps.
(c) Two contours never intersect each other.
Q-8 Define the following:
(a) Contours
(b) Hachures
(c) Representative Fraction
(d) Causeway
(e) A watershed
(f) Broken ground
(g) Gradient
(h) Hill shading
(i) Relative Height
(j) Interlocking spurs
Q-9 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Concave slope and convex slope
(b) The magnetic north pole and true north pole
(c) Spot height and bench mark on topographical map
(d) Topographic and cadastral maps
(e) Linear and radial settlement
(f) D.B. and R.H.
(g) Map distance and ground distance
(h) Trellised and dendritic drainage
(i) Plateau and Conical hill
(j) Causeway and Bridge with piers
(k) Nucleated and dispersed settlement
(l) Watershed and Ridge
(m) Primary and Secondary Divisions on a graphic scale
(n) Form Line and a contour
(o) Spot height and Triangulation Station
(p) Linear Scale and Statement Scale
Q-10 . Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) How are maps useful to us?
(b) What are contours? State their properties.
(c) How are drainage features shown on topographic maps?
(d) What is meant by colour layering?
(e) Give the main advantages of using conventional signs or symbols on a map.
(f) Describe briefly factors which effect settlements.
Chapter-3 Position and Extent of India
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief
(a) Which is the southern most point of Indian mainland?
(b) State the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India
(c) Which important line of latitude passes through the middle of India?
(d) Name the countries that share common boundaries with India
(e) Name the source of river Ganga. Where does this river enter the plains.
Q-2 Give reasons :
(a) India enjoys a favourable location with regard to the world sea trade
(b) India is referred to as a subcontinent with diverse culture.
(c) Himalayas are like a boundary wall to the North of India.
(d) India is also known as a peninsular nation.
Q-3 Complete the following sentences:
(a) India has an area of.........................................................................................................................................................
(b) King Ashoka built nearly...............................................................................................................................................
(c) The unity in diversity is like that of..........................................................................................................................
(d) Indian literature embodies............................................................................................................................................
(e) India enjoys a favourable situation with regard to .........................................................................................
Q-4 Match the following table :
Q-5 Answer the following questions in brief
(a) Which is the southern most point of Indian mainland?
(b) State the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India
(c) Which important line of latitude passes through the middle of India?
(d) Name the countries that share common boundaries with India
(e) Name the source of river Ganga. Where does this river enter the plains.
Q-6 Give reasons :
(a) India enjoys a favourable location with regard to the world sea trade
(b) India is referred to as a subcontinent with diverse culture.
(c) Himalayas are like a boundary wall to the North of India.
(d) India is also known as a peninsular nation.
Q-7 Complete the following sentences:
(a) India has an area of.........................................................................................................................................................
(b) King Ashoka built nearly...............................................................................................................................................
(c) The unity in diversity is like that of..........................................................................................................................
(d) Indian literature embodies............................................................................................................................................
(e) India enjoys a favourable situation with regard to .........................................................................................
Q-8 Match the following table :
Chapter-4 Physical Features of India
Q-1 Answer the following questions :
(a) Describe briefly the three ranges of the Himalayas
(b) How are the Himalayas useful to India?
(c) Give an account of the major rivers of Peninsular India.
(d) State how the Northern Plain was formed
(e) Name the landforms that are on the boundary of the Indian Peninsular plateau.
(f) Describe briefly the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(g) Write a short note on "Indo Gangetic Plains".
(h) Name the source of river Ganga. Where does this river enter the plains?
(i) State three reason for the importance of Peninsular Plateau.
(j) Where is the Terai Region? Name two rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea.
Q-2 Give reasons
(a) The Peninsular rivers are not navigable
(b) Narmada and Tapi rivers have no delta at their mouths.
(c) The rivers rising from the Western Ghats are very fast and flowing into the Arabian Sea.
(d) Rajasthan plain is an area of inland drainage.
(e) The Brahamaputra is a braided river.
Q-3 Define the followng :
(a) Shiwaliks
(b) Duns
(c) Bhabar
(d) Terai
(e) Alluvium
(f) Sundarbans
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) North Indian rivers and Peninsular rivers.
(b) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
(c) Eastern Himalayas and Western Himalayas.
(d) Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.
Q-5 Answer the following questions :
(a) Describe briefly the three ranges of the Himalayas
(b) How are the Himalayas useful to India?
(c) Give an account of the major rivers of Peninsular India.
(d) State how the Northern Plain was formed
(e) Name the landforms that are on the boundary of the Indian Peninsular plateau.
(f) Describe briefly the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(g) Write a short note on "Indo Gangetic Plains".
(h) Name the source of river Ganga. Where does this river enter the plains?
(i) State three reason for the importance of Peninsular Plateau.
(j) Where is the Terai Region? Name two rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea.
Q-6 Give reasons
(a) The Peninsular rivers are not navigable
(b) Narmada and Tapi rivers have no delta at their mouths.
(c) The rivers rising from the Western Ghats are very fast and flowing into the Arabian Sea.
(d) Rajasthan plain is an area of inland drainage.
(e) The Brahamaputra is a braided river.
Q-7 Define the followng :
(a) Shiwaliks
(b) Duns
(c) Bhabar
(d) Terai
(e) Alluvium
(f) Sundarbans
Q-8 Distinguish between the following:
(a) North Indian rivers and Peninsular rivers.
(b) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
(c) Eastern Himalayas and Western Himalayas.
(d) Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.
Chapter-5 Climate of India
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief
(a) Name any two local winds which blow in India in the summer season
(b) Name the place in India which receives the heaviest rainfall.
(c) Name any two states that receive rain in January and February.
(d) Why does Kanyakumari experience an equable climate?
(e) Which type of climate is experienced in the Northern Plains of India?
(f) Name the winds that bring rain to the Tamil Nadu Coast.
Q-2 Give reason for the following :
(a) Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur in December
(b) India is called a "Land of contrasting climates"
(c) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai.
(d) It is cooler on the mountain slopes than in the plains during summer
(e) Rajasthan receives very little rainfall.
(f) The Coromandel Coast as compared to Konkan Coast has more rainy months but less rainfall.
(g) Himalayas play the role of a climatic barrier
(h) Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall.
(i) Shillong gets less than 200 cm. of rainfall in the year while Mawsynram receives more than 1250 cm. of rainfall.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) Into how many seasons can the climate of India be divided? Describe each season briefly.
(b) Describe briefly the role of the Himalayas in determining the climate of India.
(c) Why are there great variations in the climate of India?
(d) Why are there great variations in the climate of India?
(e) What are Western Disturbances? Name the states that experiences these 'Western Disturbances?
(f) What is a rain-shadow area? Give one example of it in India.
(g) Compare and contrast giving reasons for the climatic conditions of: (i) Kanyakumari and Nainital (ii) Chennai and Mawsynram
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) The climate of coastal plains and Northern Plains.
(b) The climate of coastal plains and Northern Plains.
(c) The Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal Branch of South West Monsoons.
(d) Climate of Almora and Kochi.
(e) Climate of Mumbai and Lucknow
Q-5 Answer the following questions in brief
(a) Name any two local winds which blow in India in the summer season
(b) Name the place in India which receives the heaviest rainfall.
(c) Name any two states that receive rain in January and February.
(d) Why does Kanyakumari experience an equable climate?
(e) Which type of climate is experienced in the Northern Plains of India?
(f) Name the winds that bring rain to the Tamil Nadu Coast.
Q-6 Give reason for the following :
(a) Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur in December
(b) India is called a "Land of contrasting climates"
(c) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai.
(d) It is cooler on the mountain slopes than in the plains during summer
(e) Rajasthan receives very little rainfall.
(f) The Coromandel Coast as compared to Konkan Coast has more rainy months but less rainfall.
(g) Himalayas play the role of a climatic barrier
(h) Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall.
(i) Shillong gets less than 200 cm. of rainfall in the year while Mawsynram receives more than 1250 cm. of rainfall.
Q-7 Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) Into how many seasons can the climate of India be divided? Describe each season briefly.
(b) Describe briefly the role of the Himalayas in determining the climate of India.
(c) Why are there great variations in the climate of India?
(d) Why are there great variations in the climate of India?
(e) What are Western Disturbances? Name the states that experiences these 'Western Disturbances?
(f) What is a rain-shadow area? Give one example of it in India.
(g) Compare and contrast giving reasons for the climatic conditions of: (i) Kanyakumari and Nainital (ii) Chennai and Mawsynram
Q-8 Distinguish between the following:
(a) The climate of coastal plains and Northern Plains.
(b) The climate of coastal plains and Northern Plains.
(c) The Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal Branch of South West Monsoons.
(d) Climate of Almora and Kochi.
(e) Climate of Mumbai and Lucknow
Chapter-6 Soil Resources
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) What do you understand by Soil-fertility?
(b) Name the regions where alluvial soil is found in India. How have they been formed?
(c) Name two states of India where Red soil are found
(d) Which soil is well known for its self-ploughing quality and capacity to hold moisture? For which cash-crop is it most suitable?
(e) Name two major types of soil erosion in India
(f) Name two crops that can be grown in the mountain soil.
(g) Where in South of Tropic of Cancer can one find the soil formed by leaching?
(h) Mention two important characteristics of laterite soil.
(i) Which soil is found suitable for growing coffee in Karnataka?
Q-2 Answer the following in detail :
(a) State prominent features of mountain soil
(b) State in your own words the advantages of black soil.
(c) State in your own words the advantages of black soil.
(d) What are the causes of soil erosion in desert regions?
(e) Enumerate the main types of soil found in India.
(f) With reference to the types of soil only, state why (i) Jowar is grown in Maharashtra? (ii) Bajra is grown in Rajasthan? (iii) Sugarcane is grown in Uttar Pradesh?
(g) How is Regur soil formed? Mention four important properties of Regur soil.
Q-3 Define the following
(a) Loamy soil
(b) Soil Conservation
(c) Leaching
(d) Laterite Soil
(e) Badlands
(f) Gully Erosion
(g) Shore Erosion
(h) Terrace Farming
(i) Strip Cropping
Q-4 Give reasons for the following:
(a) Give reasons for the following:
(b) Leached soils are red in colour
(c) 'Hill soil' regions are suited for tea Plantations.
(d) Deltaic alluvium is more fertile than coastal alluvium.
(e) Soil of Western Ghats is affected by wind erosion.
(f) Black soil is also called 'Black Cotton Soil'
(g) Desert soil is unsuitable for agriculture.
(h) Laterite soil is unsuitable for agriculture
(i) Alluival soils are very fertile.
Q-5 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Khadar and Bhangar soils.
(b) Inland alluvium and coastal alluvium.
(c) Red soil and Laterite soil
(d) Stream Bank erosion and Slip erosion.
(e) Mountain soil and Desert soil.
(f) Mountain soil and Desert soil.
(g) Alluvial soil and Red soil.
(h) Transported and Sedentary soils
(i) Sheet erosion and Gully erosion.
(j) Contour ploughing and Contour bunding.
Q-6 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) What do you understand by Soil-fertility?
(b) Name the regions where alluvial soil is found in India. How have they been formed?
(c) Name two states of India where Red soil are found
(d) Which soil is well known for its self-ploughing quality and capacity to hold moisture? For which cash-crop is it most suitable?
(e) Name two major types of soil erosion in India
(f) Name two crops that can be grown in the mountain soil.
(g) Where in South of Tropic of Cancer can one find the soil formed by leaching?
(h) Mention two important characteristics of laterite soil.
(i) Which soil is found suitable for growing coffee in Karnataka?
Q-7 Answer the following in detail :
(a) State prominent features of mountain soil
(b) State in your own words the advantages of black soil.
(c) State in your own words the advantages of black soil.
(d) What are the causes of soil erosion in desert regions?
(e) Enumerate the main types of soil found in India.
(f) With reference to the types of soil only, state why (i) Jowar is grown in Maharashtra? (ii) Bajra is grown in Rajasthan? (iii) Sugarcane is grown in Uttar Pradesh?
(g) How is Regur soil formed? Mention four important properties of Regur soil.
Q-8 Define the following
(a) Loamy soil
(b) Soil Conservation
(c) Leaching
(d) Laterite Soil
(e) Badlands
(f) Gully Erosion
(g) Shore Erosion
(h) Terrace Farming
(i) Strip Cropping
Q-9 Give reasons for the following:
(a) Give reasons for the following:
(b) Leached soils are red in colour
(c) 'Hill soil' regions are suited for tea Plantations.
(d) Deltaic alluvium is more fertile than coastal alluvium.
(e) Soil of Western Ghats is affected by wind erosion.
(f) Black soil is also called 'Black Cotton Soil'
(g) Desert soil is unsuitable for agriculture.
(h) Laterite soil is unsuitable for agriculture
(i) Alluival soils are very fertile.
Q-10 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Khadar and Bhangar soils.
(b) Inland alluvium and coastal alluvium.
(c) Red soil and Laterite soil
(d) Stream Bank erosion and Slip erosion.
(e) Mountain soil and Desert soil.
(f) Mountain soil and Desert soil.
(g) Alluvial soil and Red soil.
(h) Transported and Sedentary soils
(i) Sheet erosion and Gully erosion.
(j) Contour ploughing and Contour bunding.
Chapter-7 Natural Vegetation of India
Q-1 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) What is the importance and significance of Natural Vegetation in India?
(b) How do forests play a vital role in the country's economy?
(c) Discuss the major causes of the backwardness of Indian forestry.
(d) Give a detailed account of various steps taken by the government to conserve Indian forests.
Q-2 Give reasons for the following :
(a) The demand for timber and other forest resources is very high in India.
(b) All kinds of life depends upon plants.
(c) India has a large variety of natural vegetation.
(d) There is almost no vegetation in the Thar Desert.
(e) Altitude is mainly responsible for change of vegetation in the Himalayas.
(f) There is very little natural vegetation in the Indo-Gangetic plains.
Q-3 Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) Why is deforestation harmful for agriculture?
(b) Why are hardwoods difficult to exploit?
(c) Where is the natural vegetation still found undisturbed in India?
(d) Which factors determine the growth of plant species under particular climatic conditions?
(e) Name the commercially important trees of moist deciduous forests.
(f) Name few main trees of tropical thorn forests.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Moist deciduous forests and dry deciduous forests
(b) Tropical Rain forests and Tropical Thorn Forests
(c) Tidal Forests and Mountain Forests
(d) Afforestation and Re-afforestation
Q-5 Define the following terms :
(a) Forest conservation
(b) Van Mahotsava
(c) Natural Vegetation
(d) Jhuming
(e) Mangrove Forests
Q-6 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) What is the importance and significance of Natural Vegetation in India?
(b) How do forests play a vital role in the country's economy?
(c) Discuss the major causes of the backwardness of Indian forestry.
(d) Give a detailed account of various steps taken by the government to conserve Indian forests.
Q-7 Give reasons for the following :
(a) The demand for timber and other forest resources is very high in India.
(b) All kinds of life depends upon plants.
(c) India has a large variety of natural vegetation.
(d) There is almost no vegetation in the Thar Desert.
(e) Altitude is mainly responsible for change of vegetation in the Himalayas.
(f) There is very little natural vegetation in the Indo-Gangetic plains.
Q-8 Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) Why is deforestation harmful for agriculture?
(b) Why are hardwoods difficult to exploit?
(c) Where is the natural vegetation still found undisturbed in India?
(d) Which factors determine the growth of plant species under particular climatic conditions?
(e) Name the commercially important trees of moist deciduous forests.
(f) Name few main trees of tropical thorn forests.
Q-9 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Moist deciduous forests and dry deciduous forests
(b) Tropical Rain forests and Tropical Thorn Forests
(c) Tidal Forests and Mountain Forests
(d) Afforestation and Re-afforestation
Q-10 Define the following terms :
(a) Forest conservation
(b) Van Mahotsava
(c) Natural Vegetation
(d) Jhuming
(e) Mangrove Forests
Chapter-8 Water Resources
Q-1 Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) What are the basic reasons which have necessitated artificial irrigation in India?
(b) Discuss various system of irrigation prevalent in India.
(c) What are various advantages of a multi-purpose river project?
(d) Why is there a need for water conservation? How can it be done?
(e) Mention the special features of Damodar Valley Project.
(f) Describe briefly the location and main features of Rihand Project.
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) Water is a natural resource of prime importance.
(b) It is easy to bore wells and dig canals in Northern Plains.
(c) Tank irrigation is most widespread and practical in southern India.
(d) The world might soon face acute water shortage.
(e) Most rainwater flows into the oceans.
(f) Irrigated lands must be provided good drainage.
(g) River water of India cannot be used.
Q-3 Answer the following in brief:
(a) How are tanks constructed?
(b) What is "mulching"?
(c) How is soil and water conserved is hilly and lowland areas?
(d) What are the benefits of rainwater harvesting?
(e) What are tube wells?
(f) What is the prime condition for successful tube well irrigation?
(g) Why do we need to conserve water? Name some methods of water conservation.
(h) Name the states where canal irrigation is used.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Well irrigation and tank irrigation.
(b) Traditional and modern methods of irrigation.
(c) Well and tube well.
(d) Traditional and modern systems of groundwater recharge.
Q-5 Define the following terms:
(a) Groundwater
(b) Well irrigation areas
(c) Hydroelectricity
(d) Tungabhadra Dam
(e) Water conservation
(f) Bhakra Nangal Dam
Q-6 Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) What are the basic reasons which have necessitated artificial irrigation in India?
(b) Discuss various system of irrigation prevalent in India.
(c) What are various advantages of a multi-purpose river project?
(d) Why is there a need for water conservation? How can it be done?
(e) Mention the special features of Damodar Valley Project.
(f) Describe briefly the location and main features of Rihand Project.
Q-7 Give reasons:
(a) Water is a natural resource of prime importance.
(b) It is easy to bore wells and dig canals in Northern Plains.
(c) Tank irrigation is most widespread and practical in southern India.
(d) The world might soon face acute water shortage.
(e) Most rainwater flows into the oceans.
(f) Irrigated lands must be provided good drainage.
(g) River water of India cannot be used.
Q-8 Answer the following in brief:
(a) How are tanks constructed?
(b) What is "mulching"?
(c) How is soil and water conserved is hilly and lowland areas?
(d) What are the benefits of rainwater harvesting?
(e) What are tube wells?
(f) What is the prime condition for successful tube well irrigation?
(g) Why do we need to conserve water? Name some methods of water conservation.
(h) Name the states where canal irrigation is used.
Q-9 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Well irrigation and tank irrigation.
(b) Traditional and modern methods of irrigation.
(c) Well and tube well.
(d) Traditional and modern systems of groundwater recharge.
Q-10 Define the following terms:
(a) Groundwater
(b) Well irrigation areas
(c) Hydroelectricity
(d) Tungabhadra Dam
(e) Water conservation
(f) Bhakra Nangal Dam
Chapter-9 Mineral and Energy Resources
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) What is an ore?
(b) Name the categories into which minerals can be divided.
(c) Name the types of coal. Mention the type which is classified as a high grade variety.
(d) What is natural gas?
(e) Write a short note on 'Hydroelectricity'.
(f) What is Mumbai High?
(g) How is oil transported to inland refineries?
(h) What are the two main drawbacks of coals found in India.
(i) Sate two advantages of using wind energy.
(j) What is bio-gas?
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) Iron ore is the most important mineral.
(b) Aluminum is widely used in manufacturing parts of aircrafts.
(c) Coal is an important source of power.
(d) Most of the oil refineries are located near the coasts.
(e) Coal is often used near the source of production and mineral oil is often transported to to great distances.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in one word:
(a) Name two states where lignite is found.
(b) Where was the first oil drilled in India?
(c) Name two seaports from where India exports iron-ore.
(d) In which type of rocks is oil found?
(e) Name two states in India where manganese ore is found.
(f) Name two important oil fields in India.
(g) Name two states where nuclear power plants are located.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Metallic minerals and non-metallic mineral.
(b) Iron ores and manganese ores.
Q-5 Define the following terms :
(a) Bituminous coal
(b) Gondwana coal fields
(c) Metallic minerals
(d) Offshore drilling
Q-6 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) For each of the following mineral, state the region/area where they are found in India: (i) Iron-ore (ii) Manganese ore (iii) Copper
(b) How is petroleum an important source of both energy and raw material? Explain with examples.
(c) State briefly how sun's energy can be used to produce power
Q-7 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) What is an ore?
(b) Name the categories into which minerals can be divided.
(c) Name the types of coal. Mention the type which is classified as a high grade variety.
(d) What is natural gas?
(e) Write a short note on 'Hydroelectricity'.
(f) What is Mumbai High?
(g) How is oil transported to inland refineries?
(h) What are the two main drawbacks of coals found in India.
(i) Sate two advantages of using wind energy.
(j) What is bio-gas?
Q-8 Give reasons:
(a) Iron ore is the most important mineral.
(b) Aluminum is widely used in manufacturing parts of aircrafts.
(c) Coal is an important source of power.
(d) Most of the oil refineries are located near the coasts.
(e) Coal is often used near the source of production and mineral oil is often transported to to great distances.
Q-9 Answer the following questions in one word:
(a) Name two states where lignite is found.
(b) Where was the first oil drilled in India?
(c) Name two seaports from where India exports iron-ore.
(d) In which type of rocks is oil found?
(e) Name two states in India where manganese ore is found.
(f) Name two important oil fields in India.
(g) Name two states where nuclear power plants are located.
Q-10 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Metallic minerals and non-metallic mineral.
(b) Iron ores and manganese ores.
Q-11 Define the following terms :
(a) Bituminous coal
(b) Gondwana coal fields
(c) Metallic minerals
(d) Offshore drilling
Q-12 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) For each of the following mineral, state the region/area where they are found in India: (i) Iron-ore (ii) Manganese ore (iii) Copper
(b) How is petroleum an important source of both energy and raw material? Explain with examples.
(c) State briefly how sun's energy can be used to produce power
Chapter-10 Agriculture in India-I 129
Q-1 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Why is it right so say that India is predominantly an agricultural country?
(b) State two important characteristics of India Agriculture.
(c) Give reasons why agricultural production varies from year to year in India.
(d) How can agricultural production be increased? Mention a few methods.
(e) Mention two problems associated with Indian Agriculture.
Q-2 Give reasons for the following :
(a) Agriculture is the back-bone of Indian economic system.
(b) Development of agriculture is very essential.
(c) Indian farmers follow Intensive Farming.
(d) Shifting agriculture is very harmful.
(e) Yield of Indian agriculture is low as compared to world standards.
(f) Plantations are usually owned by private individuals or corporations.
Q-3 Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) How has green revolution improved the yield of crops in India?
(b) What is meant by mixed farming? State one advantage of this type of farming.
(c) Where is irrigated farming practiced in India?
(d) What is plantation farming? Where is it practiced in India?
(e) State two features of Subsistence Agriculture.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Subsistence farming and commercial agriculture
(b) Intensive and Extensive agriculture
(c) Mixed and Plantation farming
(d) Multiple Cropping Programme and Green Revolution
(e) Shifting agriculture and Plantation agriculture
Q-5 Define the following:
(a) Green Revolution
(b) Jhuming Cultivation
(c) Dry Farming
(d) Humid Farming
(e) Rabi crop
(f) Kharif crop
(g) High-yielding variety
Q-6 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Why is it right so say that India is predominantly an agricultural country?
(b) State two important characteristics of India Agriculture.
(c) Give reasons why agricultural production varies from year to year in India.
(d) How can agricultural production be increased? Mention a few methods.
(e) Mention two problems associated with Indian Agriculture.
Q-7 Give reasons for the following :
(a) Agriculture is the back-bone of Indian economic system.
(b) Development of agriculture is very essential.
(c) Indian farmers follow Intensive Farming.
(d) Shifting agriculture is very harmful.
(e) Yield of Indian agriculture is low as compared to world standards.
(f) Plantations are usually owned by private individuals or corporations.
Q-8 Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) How has green revolution improved the yield of crops in India?
(b) What is meant by mixed farming? State one advantage of this type of farming.
(c) Where is irrigated farming practiced in India?
(d) What is plantation farming? Where is it practiced in India?
(e) State two features of Subsistence Agriculture.
Q-9 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Subsistence farming and commercial agriculture
(b) Intensive and Extensive agriculture
(c) Mixed and Plantation farming
(d) Multiple Cropping Programme and Green Revolution
(e) Shifting agriculture and Plantation agriculture
Q-10 Define the following:
(a) Green Revolution
(b) Jhuming Cultivation
(c) Dry Farming
(d) Humid Farming
(e) Rabi crop
(f) Kharif crop
(g) High-yielding variety
Chapter-11 Agriculture in India-II
Q-1 Answer the following questions in detail
(a) In which season is wheat grown in northern India? What are the rainfall and soil requirements of this crop?
(b) State three important aspects of the Japanese method of rice cultivation.
(c) State the conditions of soil and climate necessary for the cultivation of rice.
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) The geographical conditions in Punjab are most suitable for growing wheat.
(b) Millets are called "dry crops".
(c) Flat lands are most suitable for rice cultivation.
(d) Pulses are grown extensively in India.
(e) Wheat is not grown in the eastern and extreme southern parts of India.
(f) Jowar is grown in Maharashtra and bajra in Rajasthan.
(g) With reference to rice : (i) What improved methods of cultivation can help raise rice production in India? (ii) Name one area where rice is grown by "Jhuming" method. (iii) Name a state in India where rice is grown extensively. (iv) State three methods of growing rice. (v) Why are yields in the Japanese method of rice cultivation higher than those in other methods?
Q-3 Answer the following questions:
(a) How are pulses harvested in India?
(b) Name a few millets.
(c) What temperature and rainfall conditions are needed for cultivation of millets?
(d) What are millets? Why are millets called "foodgain of the poor"?
(e) State the conditions of soil and climate suitable for the cultivation of pulses.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Drilling method and Transplanting method of rice plantation..
(b) Indian method of rice cultivation and Japanese method of rice cultivation.
(c) Upland rice and lowland rice.
Q-5 Define the following terms:
(a) Broadcasting
(b) Transplantation
(c) Dibbling
(d) Leguminous plants
(e) Crop Rotation
Q-6 Answer the following questions in detail
(a) In which season is wheat grown in northern India? What are the rainfall and soil requirements of this crop?
(b) State three important aspects of the Japanese method of rice cultivation.
(c) State the conditions of soil and climate necessary for the cultivation of rice.
Q-7 Give reasons:
(a) The geographical conditions in Punjab are most suitable for growing wheat.
(b) Millets are called "dry crops".
(c) Flat lands are most suitable for rice cultivation.
(d) Pulses are grown extensively in India.
(e) Wheat is not grown in the eastern and extreme southern parts of India.
(f) Jowar is grown in Maharashtra and bajra in Rajasthan.
(g) With reference to rice : (i) What improved methods of cultivation can help raise rice production in India? (ii) Name one area where rice is grown by "Jhuming" method. (iii) Name a state in India where rice is grown extensively. (iv) State three methods of growing rice. (v) Why are yields in the Japanese method of rice cultivation higher than those in other methods?
Q-8 Answer the following questions:
(a) How are pulses harvested in India?
(b) Name a few millets.
(c) What temperature and rainfall conditions are needed for cultivation of millets?
(d) What are millets? Why are millets called "foodgain of the poor"?
(e) State the conditions of soil and climate suitable for the cultivation of pulses.
Q-9 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Drilling method and Transplanting method of rice plantation..
(b) Indian method of rice cultivation and Japanese method of rice cultivation.
(c) Upland rice and lowland rice.
Q-10 Define the following terms:
(a) Broadcasting
(b) Transplantation
(c) Dibbling
(d) Leguminous plants
(e) Crop Rotation
Chapter-12 Agriculture in India-III
Q-1 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Why is the yield of sugarcane high in Deccan Region?
(b) What conditions of soil and climate are suitable for the cultivation of groundnuts?
(c) What is ratooning? Give two advantages of ratooning.
(d) Describe briefly the process of preparation of marketable tea.
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) Long staple cotton is grown mainly in the northern states of India.
(b) Gujarat and Maharashtra are the leading cotton producing states of India.
(c) Tea gardens are found mainly on the wet, hilly slopes of Assam.
(d) Cotton is grown widely in the Deccan Plateau.
(e) Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee.
(f) India grows the flax plant for its seed.
(g) Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of tobacco.
(h) Regur soil is most successful in West Bengal.
(i) Jute cultivation is most successful in West Bengal.
(j) There has been an increase in the export of oil-seeds from India to the west.
(k) Sugarcane production is increasing in Maharashtra.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in brief
(1) Name any five oil-seeds grown in India.
(2) What conditions of soil and climate are suitable for the cultivation of groundnuts?
(3) Name some of the important oilseeds in India. Describe where they are cultivated and the purpose for which they are used.
(4) Name four types of oil-seeds that yield edible oil.
(5) Name one state in India where coffee is an important crop.
(6) State the geographical requirements for the cultivation of coffee.
(7) Name the three varieties of coffee grown commercially.
(8) State two problems faced by the coffee cultivators in India.
(9) State three factors which favour the cultivation of coffee in South India.
(10) Why is coffee grown on the slopes of the hills in Peninsular India?
(11) Which is the most important crop in West Bengal?
(12) State the soil conditions that favour the growth of jute in Assam
(13) Why are floods beneficial for the growth for jute?
(14) What are the geographical requirements for growing jute?
(15) Name the leading state in the cultivation of jute
(16) Why does Ganga-Brahamputra Delta have a virtual monopoly in jute cultivation?
(17) Describe the three processes which are undertaken to prepare the jute fibre.
(18) How long does the jute plant take to mature?
(19). How long does the jute plant take to mature?
(20). What are fibre crops? Give two examples of plant fibre crops.
(21). With reference to cotton cultivation in Gujarat and Maharashtra, name an important port in each state used for the export of cotton.
(22). Why is dry weather necessary at the time of harvest?
(23). Name three states which produce long staple cotton
(24). How is cotton cultivated?
(25). What advantage does long staple cotton have?
(26). State two geographical requirements for the growth of rubber plant.
(27). State two geographical requirements for the growth of cotton plant.
(28). Name two main varieties of coffee
(29). Why are the following trees commonly grown in a coffee estate? (1) Banana and Silver Oak (2) Orange and Plum
(30). Name the most important fibre crop in West Bengal
(31). Describe two geographical conditions which favour the growth of this crop
(32). Why is cotton grown widely in the Deccan Plateau?
(33). Why is tea considered a labour intensive crop? Name two States in India where tea is widely grown
(34). State the conditions necessary for the cultivation of rubber
(35). Name the state which is the largest producer of mustard or mustard oil seed. State one important use of each of its oil and oil cake
(36). Mention two problems faced by the sugarcane cultivators in India and state the role of the Central Government in solving these problems.
(37). Name the seed obtained from the flax plant. Name two commercial uses of its oil and one use of its oil-cake.
(38). In which part of India is the rubber plant grown on a commercial scale?
(39). Name one area in India where jute is cultivated widely.
(40). Mention, why there is a concentration of this crop in the area mentioned by you?
(41). Mention a leading beverage crop in India
(42). What are its requirement in terms of soil and rainfall?
(43). Which State is the largest producer of sugarcane in India?
(44). Mention the climatic conditions needed for the cultivation of this crop.
(45). Name one state in north India and one in south India in which sugarcane is grown extensively. Name one state in north India and one in south India in which sugarcane is grown extensively
(45). Give two conditions other than climate for the growth of sugarcane
Q-4 Define the following :
(a) Ginning
(b) Retting
(c) Clonal Planting
(d) Tapping
(e) Curing
(f) Bud Grafting
Q-5 Distinguish between the following
(a) Withering and Fermenting
(b) Edible and non-edible oil-seeds
Q-6 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Why is the yield of sugarcane high in Deccan Region?
(b) What conditions of soil and climate are suitable for the cultivation of groundnuts?
(c) What is ratooning? Give two advantages of ratooning.
(d) Describe briefly the process of preparation of marketable tea.
Q-7 Give reasons:
(a) Long staple cotton is grown mainly in the northern states of India.
(b) Gujarat and Maharashtra are the leading cotton producing states of India.
(c) Tea gardens are found mainly on the wet, hilly slopes of Assam.
(d) Cotton is grown widely in the Deccan Plateau.
(e) Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee.
(f) India grows the flax plant for its seed.
(g) Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of tobacco.
(h) Regur soil is most successful in West Bengal.
(i) Jute cultivation is most successful in West Bengal.
(j) There has been an increase in the export of oil-seeds from India to the west.
(k) Sugarcane production is increasing in Maharashtra.
Q-8 Answer the following questions in brief
(1) Name any five oil-seeds grown in India.
(2) What conditions of soil and climate are suitable for the cultivation of groundnuts?
(3) Name some of the important oilseeds in India. Describe where they are cultivated and the purpose for which they are used.
(4) Name four types of oil-seeds that yield edible oil.
(5) Name one state in India where coffee is an important crop.
(6) State the geographical requirements for the cultivation of coffee.
(7) Name the three varieties of coffee grown commercially.
(8) State two problems faced by the coffee cultivators in India.
(9) State three factors which favour the cultivation of coffee in South India.
(10) Why is coffee grown on the slopes of the hills in Peninsular India?
(11) Which is the most important crop in West Bengal?
(12) State the soil conditions that favour the growth of jute in Assam
(13) Why are floods beneficial for the growth for jute?
(14) What are the geographical requirements for growing jute?
(15) Name the leading state in the cultivation of jute
(16) Why does Ganga-Brahamputra Delta have a virtual monopoly in jute cultivation?
(17) Describe the three processes which are undertaken to prepare the jute fibre.
(18) How long does the jute plant take to mature?
(19). How long does the jute plant take to mature?
(20). What are fibre crops? Give two examples of plant fibre crops.
(21). With reference to cotton cultivation in Gujarat and Maharashtra, name an important port in each state used for the export of cotton.
(22). Why is dry weather necessary at the time of harvest?
(23). Name three states which produce long staple cotton
(24). How is cotton cultivated?
(25). What advantage does long staple cotton have?
(26). State two geographical requirements for the growth of rubber plant.
(27). State two geographical requirements for the growth of cotton plant.
(28). Name two main varieties of coffee
(29). Why are the following trees commonly grown in a coffee estate? (1) Banana and Silver Oak (2) Orange and Plum
(30). Name the most important fibre crop in West Bengal
(31). Describe two geographical conditions which favour the growth of this crop
(32). Why is cotton grown widely in the Deccan Plateau?
(33). Why is tea considered a labour intensive crop? Name two States in India where tea is widely grown
(34). State the conditions necessary for the cultivation of rubber
(35). Name the state which is the largest producer of mustard or mustard oil seed. State one important use of each of its oil and oil cake
(36). Mention two problems faced by the sugarcane cultivators in India and state the role of the Central Government in solving these problems.
(37). Name the seed obtained from the flax plant. Name two commercial uses of its oil and one use of its oil-cake.
(38). In which part of India is the rubber plant grown on a commercial scale?
(39). Name one area in India where jute is cultivated widely.
(40). Mention, why there is a concentration of this crop in the area mentioned by you?
(41). Mention a leading beverage crop in India
(42). What are its requirement in terms of soil and rainfall?
(43). Which State is the largest producer of sugarcane in India?
(44). Mention the climatic conditions needed for the cultivation of this crop.
(45). Name one state in north India and one in south India in which sugarcane is grown extensively. Name one state in north India and one in south India in which sugarcane is grown extensively
(45). Give two conditions other than climate for the growth of sugarcane
Q-9 Define the following :
(a) Ginning
(b) Retting
(c) Clonal Planting
(d) Tapping
(e) Curing
(f) Bud Grafting
Q-10 Distinguish between the following
(a) Withering and Fermenting
(b) Edible and non-edible oil-seeds
Chapter-13 Industries in India
Q-1 Answer the following questions :
(a) What are the main advantages of Industrialization?
(b) Why was there a need for rapid industrialization in India?
(c) What are the advantages of locating industries near big cities?
(d) Classify industries on the basis of raw materials used by them.
(e) Who are the partners in a joint sector industrial unit?
(f) Name five important factors responsible for the localization of manufacturing industries.
Q-2 Give reasons:
(a) .Industrialization holds great importance in India.
(b) Jute mills are located in and around Kolkata.
(c) Most of the industries are located near rivers, canals or lakes.
(d). Flat land is suitable for setting up of industries.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in short:
(a) What is the status of textile industry in India?
(b) Give two examples each of the mineral based, agro based and forest based industries.
(c) Name two industrial zones of India.
(d)How are industries classified on the basis of management?
(e) Name some forest based industries.
(f) What do heavy industries manufacture?
(g) With the help of one example each, differentiate between basic and consumer industries.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Small scale Industries and Large scale Industries
(b) Agro based industries and forest based Industries
(c) Public sector and Private sector
(d) Heavy industries and Light industries
(e) Basic industry and Consumer industry
Q-5 Answer the following questions :
(a) What are the main advantages of Industrialization?
(b) Why was there a need for rapid industrialization in India?
(c) What are the advantages of locating industries near big cities?
(d) Classify industries on the basis of raw materials used by them.
(e) Who are the partners in a joint sector industrial unit?
(f) Name five important factors responsible for the localization of manufacturing industries.
Q-6 Give reasons:
(a) .Industrialization holds great importance in India.
(b) Jute mills are located in and around Kolkata.
(c) Most of the industries are located near rivers, canals or lakes.
(d). Flat land is suitable for setting up of industries.
Q-7 Answer the following questions in short:
(a) What is the status of textile industry in India?
(b) Give two examples each of the mineral based, agro based and forest based industries.
(c) Name two industrial zones of India.
(d)How are industries classified on the basis of management?
(e) Name some forest based industries.
(f) What do heavy industries manufacture?
(g) With the help of one example each, differentiate between basic and consumer industries.
Q-8 Distinguish between the following:
(a) Small scale Industries and Large scale Industries
(b) Agro based industries and forest based Industries
(c) Public sector and Private sector
(d) Heavy industries and Light industries
(e) Basic industry and Consumer industry
Chapter-14 Agro-Based Industries
Q-1 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What important factors have favoured the localisation of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad?
(b) Mention problems faced by (a) Jute Industry (b) Cotton textile Industry.
(c) Name a few important centres for each of the following industries and state the facilities they enjoy at these centres : (i) Cotton Textile Industry (ii) Silk Industry
(d) Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting?
(e) What geographical factors should be kept in mind while setting up Agro-based Industries?
(f) Who are the buyers of Indian jute goods in the world? Name some jute products exported by India.
Q-2 Give reasons :
(a) The jute industry of India is mainly located in the Hugli Basin of West Bengal.
(b)Handloom textiles are still very important for India's economy.
(c) Uttar Pradesh is an important centre of sugar Industry.
(d) There have been fluctuation in the production of sugar Industry.
(e) Why is the area under sugarcane cultivation limited in India?
Q-3 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Name important centres for (i) Cotton Textile Industry (ii) Silk Industry
(b) In which area is the sugar industry developed the most?
(c) What is the position of India as a sugar producing nation?
(d) When and where was the first cotton textile mill set up in India?
(e) Which city is known as the Manchester of South India?
(f) Name three by-products of the sugar industry.
(g) When and where was the first jute mill set up in India?
(h) What would be some of the things manufactured by a man living in a village near Varanasi?
(i) Name the cottage industries associated with (i) Ludhiana (ii) Hyderabad
(j) Name at least two places where the following industries are located in India. Also, state the reasons for their growth and contribution there: (i) Sugar Industry (ii) Textile Industry
(k) State two reasons why cottage industries have development in many parts of India. Give the names of important cottage industries
(l) State one reason why India imports raw cotton. Explain three difficulties faced by the cotton textile industry in India.
(m) Name one fibre manufactured under each of the following headings: (i) Animal fibre (ii) Vegetable fibre
(n) What is the position of India as a sugar producing nation in the world?
(o) Name the important sugar producing states of our country
(p) Name at least two important sugar producing centres in Maharashtra, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Karnataka, U.P. and Haryana
(q) How many types of silk are produced in India?
(r) Name at least two important silk textile centers in Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir and Chattisgarh.
(s) State two reasons for the concentration of the sugar industry in Uttar Pradesh.
(t) Mention two ways in which the agro-based industries have affected the economy of India.
(u) (i) Which is the largest jute producing state in India? Name two areas of production in that state. (ii) Name two jute products.
(v) Mention two problems faced by the sugar industry in India.
(w) State two problems faced by the sugar industry in India.
(x) State two steps taken by the government to overcome the problems faced by the jute industry in India.
(y) Give reasons why tree plantation is essential in and around Heavy Industrial areas.
(z) (i) With the help of an example each, explain, how 'agro-based' industries are different form 'mineral based' industries. (ii) Give two reasons to show why the sugar industry has flourished in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. (iii) Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting?
Q-4 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What important factors have favoured the localisation of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad?
(b) Mention problems faced by (a) Jute Industry (b) Cotton textile Industry.
(c) Name a few important centres for each of the following industries and state the facilities they enjoy at these centres : (i) Cotton Textile Industry (ii) Silk Industry
(d) Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting?
(e) What geographical factors should be kept in mind while setting up Agro-based Industries?
(f) Who are the buyers of Indian jute goods in the world? Name some jute products exported by India.
Q-5 Give reasons :
(a) The jute industry of India is mainly located in the Hugli Basin of West Bengal.
(b)Handloom textiles are still very important for India's economy.
(c) Uttar Pradesh is an important centre of sugar Industry.
(d) There have been fluctuation in the production of sugar Industry.
(e) Why is the area under sugarcane cultivation limited in India?
Q-6 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Name important centres for (i) Cotton Textile Industry (ii) Silk Industry
(b) In which area is the sugar industry developed the most?
(c) What is the position of India as a sugar producing nation?
(d) When and where was the first cotton textile mill set up in India?
(e) Which city is known as the Manchester of South India?
(f) Name three by-products of the sugar industry.
(g) When and where was the first jute mill set up in India?
(h) What would be some of the things manufactured by a man living in a village near Varanasi?
(i) Name the cottage industries associated with (i) Ludhiana (ii) Hyderabad
(j) Name at least two places where the following industries are located in India. Also, state the reasons for their growth and contribution there: (i) Sugar Industry (ii) Textile Industry
(k) State two reasons why cottage industries have development in many parts of India. Give the names of important cottage industries
(l) State one reason why India imports raw cotton. Explain three difficulties faced by the cotton textile industry in India.
(m) Name one fibre manufactured under each of the following headings: (i) Animal fibre (ii) Vegetable fibre
(n) What is the position of India as a sugar producing nation in the world?
(o) Name the important sugar producing states of our country
(p) Name at least two important sugar producing centres in Maharashtra, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Karnataka, U.P. and Haryana
(q) How many types of silk are produced in India?
(r) Name at least two important silk textile centers in Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir and Chattisgarh.
(s) State two reasons for the concentration of the sugar industry in Uttar Pradesh.
(t) Mention two ways in which the agro-based industries have affected the economy of India.
(u) (i) Which is the largest jute producing state in India? Name two areas of production in that state. (ii) Name two jute products.
(v) Mention two problems faced by the sugar industry in India.
(w) State two problems faced by the sugar industry in India.
(x) State two steps taken by the government to overcome the problems faced by the jute industry in India.
(y) Give reasons why tree plantation is essential in and around Heavy Industrial areas.
(z) (i) With the help of an example each, explain, how 'agro-based' industries are different form 'mineral based' industries. (ii) Give two reasons to show why the sugar industry has flourished in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. (iii) Why is it necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting?
Chapter-15 Mineral-Based Industries
Q-1 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Why are most Iron and Steel Industrial units concentrated in the Damodar Valley Region?
(b) Why is there a need for rapid industrialization of India?
(c) What is the importance of Heavy Engineering Industry for India's industrial development?
(d) Discuss the importance of Electronics in the field of space technology and entertainment.
Q-2 Give reasons :
(a) Mini steel plants are becoming very popular.
(b) Iron and steel plants are located in the North-Eastern part of Deccan Plateau.
(c) The Iron and steel industry at Bhadravati in Karnataka used charcoal for smelting purposes.
(d) Vishakhapatnam is a ship building centre.
(e) Bhopal is a heavy engineering centre.
(f) The future of India's Iron and Steel industry is crucial to India's national economy.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) Name the coalfield from where Tata Steel Ltd. gets its supply.
(c) Give an important centre of production of diesel locomotives.
(d)Mention one important requirement of the Electronics industry.
(e) Name the place from where Iron and Steel Plant at Bhadravati gets its supply of iron ore.
(f) Keeping in mind India's Iron and Steel industry give reasons for the following: (i) The location of this industry is governed by the close proximity to raw material. (ii) The industry is not found in western India. (iii) Most of the Iron and Steel plants are in the Public Sector
(g) Give an important centre of production for each of the following: (i) Aircraft (ii) Ship Building
(h) Name the foreign collaborator of the following iron and steel plants: (i) Bhilai (ii) Raurkela (iii) Durgapur (iv) Bokaro
(i) Explain the term 'mini steel plant'.
(j) Name five important iron and steel plants in India and give a brief description of the factors which have influenced their location and development
(k) Name the main steel using industries of India.
(l) Name a few important centres of : (i) Ship-building Industry (ii) Railway Locomotives Also, state the facilities they are enjoying at these centres.
(m) With reference to the Iron and Steel Industry at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, answer the following questions : (i) The actual location of the industry. (ii) From where are the raw materials received. (iii) Also mention, whether it is a private or public sector undertaking
(n) With reference to the Durgapur Steel Plant, answer the following questions: (i) Give three reasons why Durgapur was chosen for the iron and steel works. (ii) From where does Durgapur steel Plant gets its iron ore and limestone?
(o) With reference to Durgapur steel Industry, briefly answer the following questions: (I) Give four reasons why the iron and steel industry is concentrated in the north-eastern part of the country. (ii) State the difficulties experienced by the iron and steel industry in India. (iii) Name two industrial town which are connected with the production of iron and steel.
(p) With reference to the Petrochemical industry, briefly answer the following questions: (i) What are petrochemicals? (ii) Name the main raw materials used in the petrochemical industry. (iii) Name the main products of the petrochemical industry. (iv) How important are petrochemicals?
(q) Mention two reasons for the concentration of steel plants in the Chhota Nagpur Plateau region.
(r) What are integrated steel plants?
(s) Name one integrated steel plant in Public Sector. From where does this plant get its requirement of iron ore and coal?
(t) (i) State the importance of Electronics in Defence. (ii) Mention one important requirement of the Electronics industry.
(u) (i) State two geographical factors which were taken into consideration for the setting up of the Durgapur Iron and Steel Plant. (ii) Mention any one problem faced by the Iron and Steel Industry in India.
(v) Name the following in India: (i) A product of the heavy engineering industry (ii) Two petrochemical units
(w) Where does the Bhilai Iron and Steel Industry get its supply of: (i) Iron-ore (ii) Coal (iii) Limestone (iv) Manganese
(x) Mention two main requirements of Heavy Engineering Industries.
(y) With reference to Tata Iron and Steel Company, answer the following: (i) When and where was it set up? (ii) From where does it get its supply of iron-ore, coal, limestone and manganese?
(z) Name the four centres of iron and steel in the public sector which are located in a single geographical region. With whose collaboration was each one of them set-up?
Q-4 Match the following :
Q-5 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Why are most Iron and Steel Industrial units concentrated in the Damodar Valley Region?
(b) Why is there a need for rapid industrialization of India?
(c) What is the importance of Heavy Engineering Industry for India's industrial development?
(d) Discuss the importance of Electronics in the field of space technology and entertainment.
Q-6 Give reasons :
(a) Mini steel plants are becoming very popular.
(b) Iron and steel plants are located in the North-Eastern part of Deccan Plateau.
(c) The Iron and steel industry at Bhadravati in Karnataka used charcoal for smelting purposes.
(d) Vishakhapatnam is a ship building centre.
(e) Bhopal is a heavy engineering centre.
(f) The future of India's Iron and Steel industry is crucial to India's national economy.
Q-7 Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) Name the coalfield from where Tata Steel Ltd. gets its supply.
(c) Give an important centre of production of diesel locomotives.
(d)Mention one important requirement of the Electronics industry.
(e) Name the place from where Iron and Steel Plant at Bhadravati gets its supply of iron ore.
(f) Keeping in mind India's Iron and Steel industry give reasons for the following: (i) The location of this industry is governed by the close proximity to raw material. (ii) The industry is not found in western India. (iii) Most of the Iron and Steel plants are in the Public Sector
(g) Give an important centre of production for each of the following: (i) Aircraft (ii) Ship Building
(h) Name the foreign collaborator of the following iron and steel plants: (i) Bhilai (ii) Raurkela (iii) Durgapur (iv) Bokaro
(i) Explain the term 'mini steel plant'.
(j) Name five important iron and steel plants in India and give a brief description of the factors which have influenced their location and development
(k) Name the main steel using industries of India.
(l) Name a few important centres of : (i) Ship-building Industry (ii) Railway Locomotives Also, state the facilities they are enjoying at these centres.
(m) With reference to the Iron and Steel Industry at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, answer the following questions : (i) The actual location of the industry. (ii) From where are the raw materials received. (iii) Also mention, whether it is a private or public sector undertaking
(n) With reference to the Durgapur Steel Plant, answer the following questions: (i) Give three reasons why Durgapur was chosen for the iron and steel works. (ii) From where does Durgapur steel Plant gets its iron ore and limestone?
(o) With reference to Durgapur steel Industry, briefly answer the following questions: (I) Give four reasons why the iron and steel industry is concentrated in the north-eastern part of the country. (ii) State the difficulties experienced by the iron and steel industry in India. (iii) Name two industrial town which are connected with the production of iron and steel.
(p) With reference to the Petrochemical industry, briefly answer the following questions: (i) What are petrochemicals? (ii) Name the main raw materials used in the petrochemical industry. (iii) Name the main products of the petrochemical industry. (iv) How important are petrochemicals?
(q) Mention two reasons for the concentration of steel plants in the Chhota Nagpur Plateau region.
(r) What are integrated steel plants?
(s) Name one integrated steel plant in Public Sector. From where does this plant get its requirement of iron ore and coal?
(t) (i) State the importance of Electronics in Defence. (ii) Mention one important requirement of the Electronics industry.
(u) (i) State two geographical factors which were taken into consideration for the setting up of the Durgapur Iron and Steel Plant. (ii) Mention any one problem faced by the Iron and Steel Industry in India.
(v) Name the following in India: (i) A product of the heavy engineering industry (ii) Two petrochemical units
(w) Where does the Bhilai Iron and Steel Industry get its supply of: (i) Iron-ore (ii) Coal (iii) Limestone (iv) Manganese
(x) Mention two main requirements of Heavy Engineering Industries.
(y) With reference to Tata Iron and Steel Company, answer the following: (i) When and where was it set up? (ii) From where does it get its supply of iron-ore, coal, limestone and manganese?
(z) Name the four centres of iron and steel in the public sector which are located in a single geographical region. With whose collaboration was each one of them set-up?
Q-8 Match the following :
Chapter-16 Transport System in India
Q-1 . Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What are various modes of transport prevalent in India?
(b) What is a National Highway? Describe a few of them.
(c) What is a railway gauge? Name types of gauges found in India. What are the disadvantages of multigauge system?
(d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of airways?
Q-2 Give reasons for the following :
(a)Steam engines were replaced by diesel and electric engines.
(b) Unsurfaced roads are very important in India even today.
(c)Mumbai is the most important port of India.
(d) Air travel is more important and economical than road or rail transport in north-eastern India.
Q-3 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Describe briefly the contribution of Indian Railways to: (i) The growth of agriculture and industry. (ii) Facilities given to passengers. (iii) Promotion of national integration
(b) What is 'Computerized railway reservation' ? Write three advantages of Computer reservation in railways
(c) Write a short note on Metro Rail Service.
(d) Name the highest road in the world found in India. What is the importance of border roads?
(e) What is the significance of surfaced roads in the development of our country? Give three examples.
(f) What is meant by the 'State Highway'? Describe their significance in the progress of our country.
(g) How does road transport score over railway transport? Give three reasons.
(h) Name two navigational rivers of India. Why is water transport cheaper than road transport?
(i) (a) Give one example of each of the following from the major ports of India. (i) Tidal port (ii) Natural harbour (ii) Artificial harbour (b) Name the State in which Tuticorin port is situated.
(j) Why is air transport more useful nowdays?
(k) Write the names of five international airports of India.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Railways and Roadways
(b) National Highway and State Highway
(c) Surfaced roads and unsurfaced roads
(d) Major Port and Minor Port
Q-5 Define the following terms:
(a) Surface transport
(b) Container service
(c) Border road
(d) Inland waterway
(e) Port
(f) International airport
Q-6 . Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What are various modes of transport prevalent in India?
(b) What is a National Highway? Describe a few of them.
(c) What is a railway gauge? Name types of gauges found in India. What are the disadvantages of multigauge system?
(d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of airways?
Q-7 Give reasons for the following :
(a)Steam engines were replaced by diesel and electric engines.
(b) Unsurfaced roads are very important in India even today.
(c)Mumbai is the most important port of India.
(d) Air travel is more important and economical than road or rail transport in north-eastern India.
Q-8 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) Describe briefly the contribution of Indian Railways to: (i) The growth of agriculture and industry. (ii) Facilities given to passengers. (iii) Promotion of national integration
(b) What is 'Computerized railway reservation' ? Write three advantages of Computer reservation in railways
(c) Write a short note on Metro Rail Service.
(d) Name the highest road in the world found in India. What is the importance of border roads?
(e) What is the significance of surfaced roads in the development of our country? Give three examples.
(f) What is meant by the 'State Highway'? Describe their significance in the progress of our country.
(g) How does road transport score over railway transport? Give three reasons.
(h) Name two navigational rivers of India. Why is water transport cheaper than road transport?
(i) (a) Give one example of each of the following from the major ports of India. (i) Tidal port (ii) Natural harbour (ii) Artificial harbour (b) Name the State in which Tuticorin port is situated.
(j) Why is air transport more useful nowdays?
(k) Write the names of five international airports of India.
Q-9 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Railways and Roadways
(b) National Highway and State Highway
(c) Surfaced roads and unsurfaced roads
(d) Major Port and Minor Port
Q-10 Define the following terms:
(a) Surface transport
(b) Container service
(c) Border road
(d) Inland waterway
(e) Port
(f) International airport
Chapter-17 Sources of Waste Material
Q-1 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What is domestic waste? Describe briefly its types.
(b) Describe 'Industrial waste' briefly .
(c) What is nuclear waste? Where is it generated? What are the hazards associated with it?
(d) What is referred to by 'animal waste'?
(e) Whose duty is it to dispose off sewage suitably?
(f) List some sources of degradable waste matter.
(g) Name some non-degradable waste matter.
(h) List some biomedical waste matter.
Q-2 Fill in the blanks:
(1) Garbage refers to the portion of domestic waste.
(2) Amount of domestic waste generation is in developed countries in comparison to developing countries
(3) ____________________ waste is generated while implementing various agricultural practices
(4) Sewage is a king of ____________waste
(5) The term MSW refers to ._________________________
Q-3 Match the following :
Q-4 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Waste generated form mining operations and that generated from food processing industry
(b) Domestic waste and Biomedical waste.
(c) Nuclear waste and Thermal power plant waste
Q-5 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) What is domestic waste? Describe briefly its types.
(b) Describe 'Industrial waste' briefly .
(c) What is nuclear waste? Where is it generated? What are the hazards associated with it?
(d) What is referred to by 'animal waste'?
(e) Whose duty is it to dispose off sewage suitably?
(f) List some sources of degradable waste matter.
(g) Name some non-degradable waste matter.
(h) List some biomedical waste matter.
Q-6 Fill in the blanks:
(1) Garbage refers to the portion of domestic waste.
(2) Amount of domestic waste generation is in developed countries in comparison to developing countries
(3) ____________________ waste is generated while implementing various agricultural practices
(4) Sewage is a king of ____________waste
(5) The term MSW refers to ._________________________
Q-7 Match the following :
Q-8 Distinguish between the following :
(a) Waste generated form mining operations and that generated from food processing industry
(b) Domestic waste and Biomedical waste.
(c) Nuclear waste and Thermal power plant waste
Multiple Choice Questions
Q-1 . Oil, acids and complex synthetic materials get generated b
(i)
Power plants(ii)
Chemical Industries(iii)
Cement factories(iv)
Construction UnitsQ-2 Which one of the following is an agricultural waste?
(i)
Toxic effluents(ii)
Plant remains(iii)
Rubble(iv)
Coal ashQ-3 Cloth rags, paper bits, broken crockery etc are generated out of?
(i)
Sewage(ii)
Agricultural processes(iii)
Nuclear plants(iv)
MSWQ-4 Industrialisation leads to ________________ waste generation.
(i)
greater(ii)
lesser(iii)
similar(iv)
betterQ-5 Fibre residues are generated out of
(i)
Electroplating industry(ii)
Food industry(iii)
Nuclear power plants(iv)
Textile industryQ-6 . Oil, acids and complex synthetic materials get generated b
(i)
Power plants(ii)
Chemical Industries(iii)
Cement factories(iv)
Construction UnitsQ-7 Which one of the following is an agricultural waste?
(i)
Toxic effluents(ii)
Plant remains(iii)
Rubble(iv)
Coal ashQ-8 Cloth rags, paper bits, broken crockery etc are generated out of?
(i)
Sewage(ii)
Agricultural processes(iii)
Nuclear plants(iv)
MSWQ-9 Industrialisation leads to ________________ waste generation.
(i)
greater(ii)
lesser(iii)
similar(iv)
betterQ-10 Fibre residues are generated out of
(i)
Electroplating industry(ii)
Food industry(iii)
Nuclear power plants(iv)
Textile industryChapter-18 Impact of Waste Accumulation
Q-1 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Discuss the health hazards caused by water pollution.
(b) Discuss briefly the health hazards caused due to improper wastage handling.
(c) What is the impact of waste accumulation in water on aquatic life?
(d) How does landscape get spoiled due to accumulation of waste?
Q-2 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) List out the after effects of waste accumulation.
(b) What are the health hazards caused due to insecticides and pesticides?
(c) How does waste accumulation cause soil pollution?
(d) How does wastage cause air pollution?
Q-3 Give reasons for the following:
(a) Littering of streets by plastic bags can choke stray cattle.
(b) Chemical based fertilizers deplete the fertility of soil.
(c) Land pollution defaces the beauty of land.
(d) Public ignorance is one of the prime causes of waste accumulation.
Q-4 Distinguish between the following :
(a) HCFC's and CFC's
(b) Fog and Smog
(c) Domestic garbage and agricultural waste
Q-5 Match the following :
Q-6 Complete the following sentences :
(a) SPM causes ______________
(b) Accumulation of lead in human body can lead to ___________________
(c) Sewage disposal in water can cause diseases like_____________________
(d) Those who handle waste matter become prone to ______________________
(e) Any alteration in dissolved oxygen can lead to __________________
Q-7 Answer the following questions in details :
(a) Discuss the health hazards caused by water pollution.
(b) Discuss briefly the health hazards caused due to improper wastage handling.
(c) What is the impact of waste accumulation in water on aquatic life?
(d) How does landscape get spoiled due to accumulation of waste?
Q-8 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) List out the after effects of waste accumulation.
(b) What are the health hazards caused due to insecticides and pesticides?
(c) How does waste accumulation cause soil pollution?
(d) How does wastage cause air pollution?
Q-9 Give reasons for the following:
(a) Littering of streets by plastic bags can choke stray cattle.
(b) Chemical based fertilizers deplete the fertility of soil.
(c) Land pollution defaces the beauty of land.
(d) Public ignorance is one of the prime causes of waste accumulation.
Q-10 Distinguish between the following :
(a) HCFC's and CFC's
(b) Fog and Smog
(c) Domestic garbage and agricultural waste
Q-11 Match the following :
Q-12 Complete the following sentences :
(a) SPM causes ______________
(b) Accumulation of lead in human body can lead to ___________________
(c) Sewage disposal in water can cause diseases like_____________________
(d) Those who handle waste matter become prone to ______________________
(e) Any alteration in dissolved oxygen can lead to __________________
Chapter-19 Need For Waste Management
Q-1 Answer the following questions in briefly :
(a) What is the need for waste management?
(b) How can human health improve with effective waste management?
(c) Why should industrial effluents be treated before discharging in water bodies?
(d) List out important activities of a Systematic Waste Management Programme.
Q-2 Give reasons :
(a) Rural areas generate less waste matter as compared to urban areas.
(b) Segregation of waste matter is important before its treatment.
Q-3 Match the following:
Q-4 Answer the following questions in briefly :
(a) What is the need for waste management?
(b) How can human health improve with effective waste management?
(c) Why should industrial effluents be treated before discharging in water bodies?
(d) List out important activities of a Systematic Waste Management Programme.
Q-5 Give reasons :
(a) Rural areas generate less waste matter as compared to urban areas.
(b) Segregation of waste matter is important before its treatment.
Q-6 Match the following:
Multiple Choice Questions
Q-1 Modernization has _____________pollution.
(i)
decreased(ii)
abolished(iii)
increased(iv)
bannedQ-2 Microbes rapidly in waste matter.
(i)
increase(ii)
decrease(iii)
develop(iv)
runQ-3 Waste management has _________________ effect on human health.
(i)
negative(ii)
zero(iii)
balancing(iv)
positiveQ-4 Which of the following waste matter needs to be handled with extreme care:
(i)
domestic garbage(ii)
plastic waste(iii)
nuclear waste(iv)
leftoverQ-5 Recycling and reusing help in saving:
(i)
air(ii)
universe(iii)
environment(iv)
effortQ-6 Modernization has _____________pollution.
(i)
decreased(ii)
abolished(iii)
increased(iv)
bannedQ-7 Microbes rapidly in waste matter.
(i)
increase(ii)
decrease(iii)
develop(iv)
runQ-8 Waste management has _________________ effect on human health.
(i)
negative(ii)
zero(iii)
balancing(iv)
positiveQ-9 Which of the following waste matter needs to be handled with extreme care:
(i)
domestic garbage(ii)
plastic waste(iii)
nuclear waste(iv)
leftoverQ-10 Recycling and reusing help in saving:
(i)
air(ii)
universe(iii)
environment(iv)
effortChapter-20 Safe Disposal of Waste : Methods 235 and Methodologies
Q-1 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) Discuss some ways of segregating waste matter.
(b) What are the various steps involved in vermicomposting?
(c) How are effluents treated in sewage treatment plants?
Q-2 Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) What are wet scrubbers?
(b) What is meant by tertiary treatment of effluents?
(c) What are the advantages of vermicomposting?
(d) What do you understand by house to house collection of waste?
Q-3 Give reasons for the following :
(a) It is very essential that each area has a proper drainage system.
(b) Landfill should be at a lower level as compared to the town.
(c) Modern day incinerators serve various purposes.
Q-4 Fill in the blanks :
(a) In cities, waste management is carried out by __________________corporations.
(b) Differently coloured dustbins can be used to ______________ solid wastes.
(c) Aluminum scrap takes about ______________ years to bio-degrade.
(d) Sanitary landfill areas should be ________________ from residential areas.
(e) _____________________ involves the role of earthworms.
Q-5 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) Discuss some ways of segregating waste matter.
(b) What are the various steps involved in vermicomposting?
(c) How are effluents treated in sewage treatment plants?
Q-6 Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) What are wet scrubbers?
(b) What is meant by tertiary treatment of effluents?
(c) What are the advantages of vermicomposting?
(d) What do you understand by house to house collection of waste?
Q-7 Give reasons for the following :
(a) It is very essential that each area has a proper drainage system.
(b) Landfill should be at a lower level as compared to the town.
(c) Modern day incinerators serve various purposes.
Q-8 Fill in the blanks :
(a) In cities, waste management is carried out by __________________corporations.
(b) Differently coloured dustbins can be used to ______________ solid wastes.
(c) Aluminum scrap takes about ______________ years to bio-degrade.
(d) Sanitary landfill areas should be ________________ from residential areas.
(e) _____________________ involves the role of earthworms.
Multiple Choice Questions
Q-1 Collection from communal sites is than house to house collection.
(i)
worse(ii)
better(iii)
more expensive(iv)
less expensiveQ-2 Green coloured bins indicate collection of
(i)
toxic matter(ii)
liquid effluents(iii)
bio-medical waste(iv)
recyclable wasteQ-3 ______________ improves the texture of soil.
(i)
Landfill(ii)
Composting(iii)
Incineration(iv)
RecyclingQ-4 Collection from communal sites is than house to house collection.
(i)
worse(ii)
better(iii)
more expensive(iv)
less expensiveQ-5 Green coloured bins indicate collection of
(i)
toxic matter(ii)
liquid effluents(iii)
bio-medical waste(iv)
recyclable wasteQ-6 ______________ improves the texture of soil.
(i)
Landfill(ii)
Composting(iii)
Incineration(iv)
RecyclingChapter-21 Need for Reducing, Reusing and 238 Recycling Waste
Q-1 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) What can an individual do to reduce waste?
(b) What steps can the government undertake for better management of water resources?
(c) Discuss briefly new technologies incorporated in commercial fuel operated vehicles.
(d) What are public awareness programmes aimed at? Discuss briefly.
Q-2 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) List some benefits of using three R's.
(b) What do you mean by sustainable agriculture?
(c) What are the components of eco-friendly technology development programme?
(d) How can community participation make significant contribution in the field of energy conservation?
(e) What do you mean by Integrated Pest Management?
Q-3 Distinguish between the following:
(a)Reusing and recycling
(b) Mixed farming and crop rotation
(c) Supcritical steam turbine and magneto hydrodynamics power generator
Q-4 Define the following:
(a) Sustainable use of energy
(b) Clean technology
(c) Natural insecticide
(d) Mixed cropping
Q-5 Answer the following questions in detail :
(a) What can an individual do to reduce waste?
(b) What steps can the government undertake for better management of water resources?
(c) Discuss briefly new technologies incorporated in commercial fuel operated vehicles.
(d) What are public awareness programmes aimed at? Discuss briefly.
Q-6 Answer the following questions in brief :
(a) List some benefits of using three R's.
(b) What do you mean by sustainable agriculture?
(c) What are the components of eco-friendly technology development programme?
(d) How can community participation make significant contribution in the field of energy conservation?
(e) What do you mean by Integrated Pest Management?
Q-7 Distinguish between the following:
(a)Reusing and recycling
(b) Mixed farming and crop rotation
(c) Supcritical steam turbine and magneto hydrodynamics power generator
Q-8 Define the following:
(a) Sustainable use of energy
(b) Clean technology
(c) Natural insecticide
(d) Mixed cropping